Electronic news gathering
Categories: Broadcasting stubs | Television stubs | Broadcast engineering | Television news | Television programming
- For the Canadian television drama, see E.N.G.
- For the diagnostic medical test ENG see Electronystagmography
Background information
''''ENG'''' is a broadcasting (usually television) industry acronym which stands for electronic news gathering. It can mean anything from a lone reporter taking a single camcorder out to get a story to an entire television crew taking a satellite truck on location to do a live report for a newscast. In its early days, the term ENG was used by newsroom staff to differentiate between the NG (newsgathering) crews that collected tv news with traditional film cameras and the new ENG crews who collected tv news with new electronic analogue tape formats like low band U-matic. The requirement for the differentiation stems from the radically different methods of post-production involved in video versus film. Film needed to be processed before editing, unlike tape where footage could be edited fairly quickly, thus dramatically reducing the turn-around time for a story. The use of film in newsgathering virtually disappeared by the mid 1980's.
ENG originally referred to the use of point-to-point terrestrial microwave signals to backhaul the remote signal to the studio. In modern news operations, however, it also includes SNG (satellite news gathering) and DSNG (digital satellite news gathering). ENG is almost always done using a specially modified truck or van such as those made by Frontline or Wolfcoach. Terrestrial microwave vehicles can usually be identified by their masts which can be extended up to 50 feet in the air (to allow line-of-sight with the station's receiver antennas), while satellite trucks always use a larger dish that unfolds and points skywards towards one of the geostationary communications satellites operated by companies such as PanAmSat, SES Americom or IntelSat.
Technical information
In the U.S. there are ten ENG video channels set aside in each area for terrestrial microwave communications, with frequency coordination typically done by the local Society of Broadcast Engineers chapter rather than the FCC. In Atlanta for example, there are two channels each for the four news TV stations (WSB-TV, WAGA, WXIA-TV, WGCL-TV), one for CNN, and another open for other users on request, such as GPB. It is worth noting that this situation is in flux, as the FCC is currently seeking to auction off some of the 2GHz frequency bands.