Northern Wei Dynasty
| Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) | ||||||||||||
| Southern Dynasties: | Northern Dynasties: | |||||||||||
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Northern Wei | ||||||||||||
The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 386-534) is most noted for the unification of northern China in 440, it was also heavily involved in funding the arts and many antiques and art works from this period have survived.
In 493 AD the dynasty moved its capital from Datong to Luoyang and started the construction of the artificial Longmen Caves. More than 30,000 Buddhist images from the time of this dynasty have been found in the caves.
It is thought the dynasty originated from the Tuoba clan of the non-Han Xianbei tribe. The Tuobas renamed themselves the Yuans as a part of systematic Sinicization.
The official state religion was Taoism as a result of the influence of K'ou Ch'ien-chih.
Towards the end of the dynasty there was signicant internal dissidence resulting in a split into Eastern and Western Wei.
Sovereigns of the Northern Wei Dynasty
| Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) | Born Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northern dynasty | |||
| Northern Wei Dynasty 386-535 | |||
| Convention: Northern Wei + posthumous name | |||
| As a well known fact Tuoba family changed their family name to 元(yuan2) during the reign of Xiao Wen Di in 496 so we will also change from there. | |||
| Dao Wu Di (道武帝 dao4 wu3 di4) | Tuoba Gui (拓拔珪 tou4 ba2 gui1) | 386-409 | Dengguo (登國 deng1 guo2) 386-396 Huangshi (皇始 huang2 shi3) 396-398 Tianxing (天興 tian1 xing1) 398-404 Tianci (天賜 tian1 ci4) 404-409 |
| Ming Yuan Di (明元帝 ming2 yuan2 di4) | Tuoba Si (拓拔嗣 tou4 ba2 si4) | 409-423 | Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 409-413 Shenrui (神瑞 shen2 rui4) 414-416 Taichang (泰常 tai4 chang2) 416-423 |
| Tai Wu Di (太武帝 tai4 wu3 di4) | Tuoba Tao (拓拔燾 tou4 ba2 tao2) | 424-452 | Shiguang (始光 shi3 guang1) 424-428 Shenjia (神(鹿下加) shen2 jia1) 428-431 Yanhe (延和 yan2 he2) 432-434 Taiyan (太延 tai4 yan2) 435-440 Taipingzhenjun (太平真君 tai4 ping2 zhen1 jun1) 440-451 Zhengping (正平 zheng4 ping2) 451-452 |
| Nan An Wang (南安王 nan2 an1 wang2) | Tuoba Yu (拓拔余 tou4 ba2 yu2) | 452 | Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) or Chengping (承平 cheng2 ping2) 452 |
| Wen Cheng Di (文成帝 wen2 cheng2 di4) | Tuoba Jun (拓拔濬 tou4 ba2 jun4) | 452-465 | Xingan (興安 xing1 an1) 452-454 Xingguang (興光 xing1 guang1) 454-455 Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 455-459 Heping (和平 he2 ping2) 460-465 |
| Xian Wen Di (獻文帝 xian4 wen2 di4) | Tuoba Hong (拓拔弘 tou4 ba2 hong2) | 466-471 | Tianan (天安 tian1 an1) 466-467 Huangxing (皇興 huang2 xing1) 467-471 |
| Xiao Wen Di (孝文帝 xiao4 wen2 di4) | Yuan Hong (元宏 yuan2 hong2) | 471-499 | Yanxing (延興 yan2 xing1) 471-476 Chengming (承明 cheng2 ming2) 476 Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 477-499 |
| Xuan Wu Di (宣武帝 xuan1 wu3 di4) | Yuan Ke (元恪 yuan2 ke4) | 500-515 | Jingming (景明 jing3 ming2) 500-503 Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 504-508 Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) 508-512 Yanchang (延昌 yan2 chang1) 512-515 |
| Xiao Ming Di (孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4) | Yuan Xu (元詡 yuan2 xu3) | 516-528 | Xiping (熙平 xi1 ping2) 516-518 Shengui (神龜 shen2 gui1) 518-520 Zhengguang (正光 zheng4 guang1) 520-525 Xiaochang (孝昌 xiao4 chang1) 525-527 Wutai (武泰 wu3 tai4) 528 |
| Xiao Zhuang Di (孝莊帝 xiao4 zhuang1 di4) | Yuan Zi You (元子攸 yuan2 zi5 you1) | 528-530 | Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 528 Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 528-530 |
| Chang Guang Wang (長廣王 chang2 guang3 wang2) or Jing Di (敬帝 jing4 di4) | Yuan Ye (元曄 yuan2 ye4) | 530-531 | Jianming (建明 jian4 ming2) 530-531 |
| Jue Min Di (節閔帝 jie2 min3 di4) | Yuan Gong (元恭 yuan2 gong1) | 531-532 | Putai (普泰 pu3 tai4) 531-532 |
| An Ding Wang (安定王 an1 ding4 wang2) or Chu Di (出帝 chu1 di4) | Yuan Lang (元朗 yuan2 lang3) | 531-532 | Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 531-532 |
| Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao1 wu3 di4) | Yuan Xiu (元脩 yuan2 xiu1) | 532-535 | Taichang (太昌 tai4 chang1) 532 Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 532 Yongxi (永熙 yong3 xi1) 532-535 |
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