Ziyarid
Categories: History of Iran | Middle Eastern history stubs | Iran-related stubs
The Ziyarids (also spelled Zeyarids) were an Iranian dynasty that ruled in the Caspian provinces of Gorgan and Mazandaran from 928-1043 (also known as Tabarestan). The founder of the dynasty was Mardaviz ebne Ziyar (from 927 to 935), who took advantage of a rebellion in the Samanid army of Iran to seize power in northern Iran. He soon expanded his domains and captured the cities of Hamadan and Isfahan.
Perhaps among the more interesting things from this era is that we know that Al-Biruni, the great scientist of the middle ages, was supported by Qabus, the ruler of the Ziyarid state, in 1000 in Gorgan. In fact he dedicated his work Chronology to Qabus around 1000 and observed eclipses of the moon from there.
Another interesting feature is the tower Gonbad e Ghaboos built during this era. The tomb is one of the earliest architectural monuments with a dated inscription surviving in post-Islamic Iran. The inscription reads:
- "In the name of God, the compassionate, the merciful; this Tower was built by the Amir Shams ol-Moali, son of the Amir, Qabus son of Voshmgir, who ordered it built during his lifetime in the lunar year 397 and the solar year 375" (1007AD)
The tomb, built of fired brick, is an enormous cylinder capped by a conical roof. The circular plan, broken by 10 flanges, is 56 ft in diameter, and the walls are 17 ft thick. The height from base to tip is 160 ft. Legend has it, that the body of Qabus was enclosed in a glass coffin which was suspended by chains from the interior dome inside the tower.
The Amirs of the dynasty were:
- Abolhojaj Mardavij ebne Ziyar 928-934
- Abu Taher Voshmgeer ebne Ziyar 934-967
- Zahir-ol-doleh Behsotoon 967-976
- Shams ol Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos 976-1012 (the tower is his tomb)
- Falak ol Mo'ali Manuchehr ebne Ghabus 1012-1031
- Anushiravan ebne Manuchehr 1031-1043
See also
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